Harrow



3 Sheets-Sheet 1, H. WIARD 8v H.` M'. BURDICK.

(No Model.)

HARROW.

Patented May 17, 1898.

ma nofws paens cn, PHoToLITNo., WASHINGTON me.

(No Model.)

' 4 .y 3 s heets-Sheet 2. I-I. WIARD & H. M. B'URDIGK.

' HARROW.

Patented May- 17, 1898.

WITNESSES (No Model.) 3 Sheets-'Sheet-S.

H. WIARD su H. M. BURDIGK. HARROW.

No. 604,345. Pateted May 17,1898.

` ATTORNEY,

w: www; mins cc. Hom-umu. WASHINGTON. v

Nirnn STATES PATENT einen.

HARRY VIARD AND HIRAM M. BURDIOK, OF SYRAOUSE, NEWv YORK, ASSIGNORS, BYMESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE NATIONAL HARRO\V COMPANY, OF UTIOA, NEW YORK.

HARROW.

SlIECIFICATION forming part of LettersPatent No. 604,345, dated May 17,1898.

Application tiled December 26, 1893. Serial No. 494,628. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t may concern.-

Be it known that we, HARRY IVIARD and HIRAM M. BURDIOK, of Syracuse, inthe county of Onondaga, in the State of New York, have invented new anduseful Improvements in Harrows, of which the following,taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exactdescription.

Our invention relates to improvements in harrows, and has for its object the production of a harrow which is simple in construction, iscomposed of few parts, is easily assembled, is comparatively free fromclogging, is provided with a minimum amount of wearingsurface and withteeth capable of a maximum degree of adjustment, and is strong, durable,and efficient in operation; and to this end it consists, essentially, ina frame comprising tooth-carrying bars and inner and outer draftbarshaving upwardly-inclining front ends, said outer draft-bars beingarranged substantially parallel with each other and having theirupwardly-extending ends inclined toward each other from apoint inproximity to the front tooth-carrying bar and having the frontextremities of said inclined ends separated from the extremities of theinner draftbars.

It furthermore consists in the construction and arrangement of the innerdraft-bars, the tooth-carrying bars, and the detail construction andarrangement of its component parts, all as hereinafter more particularlydescribed, and pointed out in the claims.

In describing this invention reference is had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification, in which like lettersindicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure l is a top plan view of our improved invention, the rearextremities of the rear ron7 of teeth being broken away. Fig. 2 is aside elevation of our harrow, the teeth being illustrated with theirlower ends depressed beneath the lower faces of the draft-bars. Figs. 3and 4 are longitudinal vertical sectional views taken, respectively', onlines 8 3 and 4 4, Fig. 1, the teeth being shown at Fig. 3 as rockedforwardly with their engaging ends elevated above the lower faces of thedraftbars; and Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are transverse vertical sectional viewstaken, respectively, on lines 5 5, 6 6, and 7 7, Fig. 2.

The frame consists of two sections hinged together at their adjacentedges and each consisting of inner and outer draft Vor runner bars A B,preferably formed angular in crosssection and having their frontextremities separated from each other, an elevated crossbar O betweensaid front extremities, and tooth-carrying bars D, supported by thedraftbars. The front ends of the inner and outer draft or runner bars ofthe frame are preferably inclined upwardly, as shown at Figs. 2, 3, and4, above the central portions of said bars and the rear ends of theouter draft-bars, and consequently the frame rides readily over stones,rough surfaces, and obstructions in its path, and there is practicallyno tendency of its front end to enter the earth during the operation ofthe harrow.

As best seen at Fig. l, the inner draft or runner bars A of the frameare arranged substantially parallel with the line of draft, but

are preferably inclined forwardly toward each other from their rearextremities, so that their front extremities are separated a lessdistance than their rear extremities, thereby reducing to a minimum theliability of brush, stones, and other articles entering between thesections of the harrow. Each inner draft-bar is preferably composed of afront section a of less length than the adjacent outer draft-bar, a rearsection a', arranged opposite to and elevated above the correspondingportion of the outer draft-bar, and, an upright central arm a2, havingits lower end bifurcated and secured at a3 a3 to the depressed rear endof the front section c, and its upper end formed with a groove a4 forreceiving the front end of the rear section a', which is secured to thearm a2 at a5 a5.

The free ends of the inner draft or runner bars A are provided withupwardly-extending arms A', having their lower ends bifurcated andsecured at asa to the inner draftbars, and having their upper endsformed with laterally-extending ears A2. One of the ears A2 is providedwith a perforation orl journal-opening a7, and the other with arearwardly-extending spindle or trunnion as, jour- IOO naled in saidperforation, for hinging together the front ends of the barrow-framesections.

The rear extremities of the rear sections of the inner draft or runnerbars A are formed with laterally-extending ears A3, having their freeends lapped with each other and provided with perforations ai. Awearing-plate A4 is interposed betweenthe ears A3, and any suitableclamp, as a bolt d10, is passed through the perforations a9 of the earsA3, and said ears clamp and hinge together the rear ends of theharrow-frame sections.

It will be particularly noted that the hingepins for the sections of ourimproved harrowframe are considerably elevated above theV of draft, andtheir front ends l) are inclined towardeach other from a point inproximity to the front tooth-carrying bar D. This inclination of thefront ends of the outer draftbars facilitates the passage to the outersides of the harrow of stones, brush, and other articles engaged by itsfront end and greatly reduces liability of clogging of the harrow.

As previously stated, the front extremities' of the inner and outerdraft or runner bars of each frame section are separated from eachother, and these extremities are connected by front cross-bars C,arranged at substantially right angles with the line of draft andpreferably formed of angular cross-section. Movable longitudinally onthe crossbars C are attaching-arms C', to which is secured the ordinarydraft-bar, (not illustrated,) connected to the traces of the horses orother animals attached to the harrow. i

As is well known to those skilled in the art, there is more or lessliability when using a harrow of the central portion or the outer edgesof its front end becoming elevated or depressed above or below theirnormal positions, thus decreasing the effectiveness of the harrow andincreasing its draft. By arranging the front bars C at substantiallyright angles with the line of draft and mounting thereon attaching-armslongitudinally movable on said bars weentirely obviate all liability ofundue elevation or depression of any portion of the harrow-frame, sincethe attaching-arms are easily adjusted toward and away from each otheruntil the entire front end of the harrow is supported in its normalplane when in operation. y

The upperextremity of each of the attaching-arms C' is formed with aseries of perforations c, arranged one above the other, for

receiving the pins or other attaching means for the draft-bar securedthereto, and the lower extremity of each of said arms is formed withbearing-faces c' c2, arranged at an angle with each other, for bearingagainst correspending faces of the front bar O, provided therewith.Beneath the portions of the front bars C engaged with the attaching-armsC' are suitable clamping-plates c3, and passed through the lower ends ofsaid attaching-arms and the plates c3 are suitable clamps c4, whichfirmly secure the attaching-arms in their adj usted position.

The tooth-carrying bars D of each framesection are preferably formed ofchannel-iron and are arranged one in advance of the other in planes atsubstantially right angles with the line of draft with their channeledfaces lowermost, and these bars are provided with teeth E, arranged inlengthwise planes out of alinement with each other and are preferablyformed of spring material and of suitable shape, as the ordinary C shapecommonly used. The front tooth-carryin g bar D of each section is formedwith an elevated central portion d, having tooth-supporting surfaces towhich the attaching ends of the front teeth are secured and are providedwith depending arms d', arranged at their extremities and hinged at d2to the arms A' previously described, and to arms B', extending upwardlyabove the outer frame-bars B and having their lower ends bifurcated andsecured at b' b' to the inclined front ends of said outer framebars.

The intermediary tooth-carrying bars D are formed with elevated centralportions d, arranged in substantially the same horizontal plane as thesimilar portions of the front tooth-carrying bars and havingsupportingsurfaces for the intermediary teeth. Said intermediary bars Dare provided with depending arms d', arranged at their extremities andhinged at d2 to the central portions of the upright arms a2 of the innerdraft-bars A and to upright arms B', secured at Z2' b' to the centralportions of the outer draft-bars B and preferably formed of'substantially the same construction as the arms B' previouslydescribed. The rear tooth-carrying bars D are also provided withelevated central portions d, arranged in substantially the samehorizontal plane as the corresponding portions of the front andintermediary toothcarrying bars and having su pporting-surfaces for theteeth mounted thereon. Said rear bars D are provided with depending armsd', arranged at their extremities and hinged at cl2 to arms A5,depending from the rear elevated ends of the inner draft-bars previouslydescribed,and to arms B', secured at b' b' to the rear ends of the outerdraft-bars B and formed of substantially the same construction as thearms B' previously described.

In order to pivot the tooth-carrying barsD to the draft-bars, thedepending arms CZ' of said bars lD are provided with perforations or IOOIZO

journal-openings d3, and the arms A', a2, A5, and B for supporting thebars D are provided with laterallyprojecting nipples or trunnions d4 forentering the perforations d3. Suitable clamps, as bolts d5, are thenpassed through the nipples or trunnions'cl4 and effectively secure thebars D in operative position.

It will be particularly noted that the central portions of thetooth-carrying bars are considerably elevated above the upper faces ofthe depressed portions of the draft-bars, although said tooth-carryin gbars are beneath the hinge-pins for the frame-sections, and that thehinge-pins for the tooth-carrying bars are arranged considerably beneaththe elevated central portions of said bars. This particular constructionand arrangement of the toot-hcarrying bars and the draft-bars reduce toa minimum the liability of clogging of the frame and also permit of amaximum degree of adjustment of the digging extremities of the teethwith a minimum amount of movement of the tooth-carrying bars.

The attaching ends e of the teeth E are arranged beneath the channeledelevated central portions of the tooth-carrying bars D and are securedthereto by suitable fastening or clip plates e' and clamps e2. Thefastening or clip plates e' are arranged beneath the attaching ends ofthe teeth E and are formed at their longitudinal edges with shoulders e3e3 for engaging the longitudinal edges of the teeth E and are providedat their central portions With shoulders e4 for entering the channelsofthe tooth-carrying bars, and the clamps e2 are preferably passedthrough perforations in the tooth-carrying bars, the attaching ends ofthe teeth, and the clip-plates e'. This is a very simple and effectiveform of tooth-securing means, which permits of independent adjustment ofeach of the teeth.

XVe preferably connect the tooth-carrying bars of each harrow-section toa single adjusting means, presently described, and simultaneously adjust or rock the tooth-carrying bars of each section; but it is evidentthat said adjusting means may be dispensed with and that the depressedends of the tooth-carrying bars may be iixedly secured -to thedraft-bars instead of being pivoted thereto, and that the onlyadjustment of the teeth may consist of the independent adjustmentthereof permitted by the clip-plates and clamps for securing the same tothe tooth-carrying bars. This adjusting means preferably consists of alink or connection F, hinged at f to upwardly-extending arms D', securedto the eentral portions of each of the toothcarrying bars and providedat its rear end with a toothed segment f' and a lever F', secured to therear arm D' and provided with a dog F2, provided upon a head movablelongitudinally on the lever F and arranged to engage the toothed segmentf. A handpiece F3 is hinged to the upper end of the lever F' and isconnected by a link F4 to the head carrying the dog F2, and

a spring F5, surrounding the lower end of the connection F4, forces thedog F2 to operative position. Y

The operation of our improved harrow will be readily perceived from theforegoing description and upon reference to the drawings, and it will beparticularly noted that the same is simple in construction, is composedof a few parts, is easily assembled, is comparatively free fromclogging, is provided with a minimum amount of wearing-surface and withteeth capable of a maximum degree of adjustment, and is strong, durable,and eicient in operation. that considerable change may be made in thedetail construction and arrangement of the parts of our harrow withoutdeparting from the spirit of our invention, and consequently we do notherein limit ourselves to such exact detail construction andarrangement.

Having thus fully described our invention, what we claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a harrow, the combination with teeth; of a frame comprisingtooth-carrying bars arranged one in advance of the other, inner andouter draft-bars, said outer draft-bars extending forwardly beyond thefront tooth-carrying bar being arranged substantially parallel with eachother and having their front ends inclined forwardly toward each otherfrom a point in proximity'to the front tooth-carrying bar and having thefront extremities of said inclined ends separated from the frontextremities of the inner draft-bars, and a front cross-bar connectingthe front extremities of the draft-bars of a section and arrangedsubstantially parallel with the toothcarrying bars, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

2. Ina harrow, the combination with teeth; of a frame comprisingtooth-carrying bars arranged one in advance of the other, inner andouter draft-bars extending forwardly beyond the front tooth-carrying barand having upwardly-inclined front ends, said outer draftbars beingarranged substantially parallel with each other and having theirupwardlyextending ends inclined forwardly toward each other from a pointin proximity to the front tooth-carrying bar and having the frontextremities of said inclined ends separated `from the front extremitiesof the inner draftbars, and anelevated front cross-bar connecting thefront extremities of the draft-bars of a section and arrangedsubstantially parallel with the tooth-carrying bars, substantial] y asand for the purpose described.

3. In a harrow, the combination of draftbars, a tooth-carrying barhaving depending arms hinged to the draft-bars and provided with a toothsupporting surface elevated above the hinge-pin of said tooth-carryingbars, and a tooth secured to said supportingsurface, substantially asdescribed.

4. In a harrow, the combination with springteeth; of a frame comprisinginner and outer It is evident, however, Y

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5. Inaharrow,the combination with sprngteeth; of inner and outerdraft-bars, arms: projecting upwardly above adjacent portions of saiddraft-bars and provided at their upper ends with laterally-projectingtrunnions or spindles, and tooth-carryin g bars having projecting armsprovided with journal-openings for receiving said trunnions or spindles,Subst antially as described.

bars, and tooth-carryin g bars having elevated tooth-supporting surfacesarranged beneath the hinge-pins of said sections and having dependingarms secured to said draft-bars, substantially as specified.

7. In a harrow, the combination of draftbars and tooth-carrying barshaving channeled under faces arranged above the adjacent portions of thedraft-bars, spring-teeth having their attaching ends bearing againstsaid faces of the tooth-carrying bars, fastening-plates arranged beneathsaid attaching ends above the adjacent portions of the draftbars andprovided with shoulders for entering the channels of the tooth-carryingbars, and clamps for holding said fastening-plates in operativeposition, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

8. The following elements in combination in a harrow: paralleldraft-bars having their front ends deflected upwardly formed in onepiece; turnable tooth-bars having perforated angle bends at their ends,perforated brackets secured rigidly to the draft-bars with their freeends extending upwardly, and means for pivotally connecting the angleperforated ends of the tooth-bars and the free ends of the brackets, andmeans for operating the turnable tooth-bars, s ubstantially as setforth.

9. The following elements in combination in a harrow: draft-barsparallel in portions of their length, tooth-supporting bars at an angleto the line of draft having perforated angle bends at their ends;upwardly-extending brackets rigidly secured to the draft-bars providedwith inwardly-extending perforated trunnions to receive the perforatedends of the tooth-bars, means for securing the ends of the tooth-barsand the free end of the bracket together, and mechanism for operatingthe tu rnable tooth bars, substantially as set forth.

10. In a turnable tooth-bar harrow the combination therewith of thebracket having a perforated journal extending from its side, aperforated turnable bar mounted to turn on the journal, and mechanismfor securing the parts together, substantially as set forth.

l1. In a sectional turnable tooth-bar harrow, the combination therewithof an outer and a short inner draft-bar, parallel in portions of theirlength, a supplementary bar i supported at its front end in an elevatedplane above the short bar and at its rear end by a depending supportextending into engagement with the soil, substantially as set forth.

12. In a sectional tooth-bar harrow,the com- S bination therewith of anouter draft-barand 6. In a harrow, the combination of spring- 1 teeth;with the opposite sections of a frame l hinged together and eachconsisting of drafta short inner draft-bar parallel in portions of theirlength, a supplementary short bar supported at its front in an elevatedplane above the short draft-bar and at its rear end by a dependingsupport extending into engagement with the soil and the dependingsupport provided with means for supporting and carrying one end of oneof the rocking tooth-bars, substantially as set forth.

13. In a harrow of the character described, the combination of the clipsprovided with projecting journals to receive and support the turnabletooth-bars in a different plane from the plane of the runners, and theturnable tooth-bars supported by the projecting journals in a differenthorizontal plane from the runners, substantially as set forth.

14. In a sectional harrow, the combination of the following elements: anoutside runner and an inside short runner in each section, two elevatedshort supplemental sections supported in a plane above the plane of theshort runners of the barrow-sections, intermediate supports between therear ends of the short runners and the front ends of the elevatedsupplemental sections, and a supportinghinge between the rear ends ofthe elevated supplemental sections, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto signed our names, in the presenceof two attesting witnesses, at Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, inthe State of New York, this 22d day of December, 1893.

HARRY VVIARD. HIRAM M. BURDICK. Witnesses:

W. W. WIARD, L. B. THURLow.

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